TEHRAN –The Safavid era (1501-1736) fortification of Shahrasb in the ancient city of Abarkuh, central Yazd province, has undergone some rehabilitation works, a local tourism official has said. The project involves strengthening the structure, repairing walls and rooftop, and replacing worn-out materials, Javad Adel explained on Tuesday. The historical structure could become a top tourist destination after being fully restored, the official added. From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest.Fortifications in antiquity were designed primarily to defeat attempts at the escalade, and to the defense of territories in warfare, and were also used to solidify rule in a region during peacetime. Uruk in ancient Sumer (Mesopotamia) is one of the world’s oldest known walled cities.

The Ancient Egyptians also built fortresses on the frontiers of the Nile Valley to protect against invaders from neighboring territories. Many of the fortifications of the ancient world were built with mud brick, often leaving them no more than mounds of dirt for today’s archaeologists.In July 2017, the historical structure of the city of Yazd was named a UNESCO World Heritage.

Wedged between the northern Dasht-e Kavir and the southern Dasht-e Lut on a flat plain, the oasis city enjoys a very harmonious public-religious architecture that dates from different eras.Yazd is usually referred to as a delightful place to stay, or a “don't miss” destination by almost all of its visitors.

It teems with mud-brick houses that are equipped with innovative badgirs (wind catchers), atmospheric alleyways, and many Islamic and Iranian monuments that shape its eye-catching city landscape.It is a living testimony to the intelligent use of limited available resources in the desert for survival.

Water is brought to the city by the qanat system.

Each district of the city is built on a qanat and has a communal center.The use of earth in buildings includes walls and roofs through the construction of vaults and domes.

Houses are built with courtyards below ground level, serving underground areas.

Wind catchers, courtyards, and thick earthen walls create a pleasant microclimate.Partially covered alleyways, together with streets, public squares, and courtyards, contribute to a pleasant urban quality.

The city escaped the modernization trends that destroyed many traditional earthen cities.It survives today with its traditional districts, the qanat system, traditional houses, bazaars, hammams, water cisterns, mosques, synagogues, Zoroastrian temples, and the historic garden of Dolat-Abad.

The city enjoys the peaceful coexistence of three religions: Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism.ABU/AM